List Of Mammals Of Japan - Endangered Animals In Japan

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Japan. There are 153 mammal species in Japan, of which 3 are critically endangered, 22 are endangered, 13 are vulnerable, and 2 are near-threatened. One of the species listed for Japan is considered to be extinct (See "The Wild Mammals of Japan" (2009, Ohdachi, S. D. et al. eds. Shoukadoh, Kyoto. ISBN 4-87974-626-6) for recent information. ).

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)

Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.

Family: Dugongidae
- Genus: Dugong
  - Dugong Dugong dugon VU
- Subfamily: Hydrodamalinae
  - Genus: Hydrodamalis
    - Steller's sea cow Hydrodamalis gigas EX

Order: Primates

The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.

Suborder: Haplorhini
- Infraorder: Simiiformes
  - Parvorder: Catarrhini
    - Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
      - Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
        Genus: Macaca
        Japanese macaque Macaca fuscata DD

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45Â kg (100Â lb).

Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
  - Subfamily: Sciurinae
    - Tribe: Sciurini
      - Genus: Sciurus
        Japanese squirrel Sciurus lis LR/lc
        
        Red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris NT
    - Tribe: Pteromyini
      - Genus: Petaurista
        Japanese giant flying squirrel Petaurista leucogenys LR/lc
      - Genus: Pteromys
        Japanese dwarf flying squirrel Pteromys momonga LR/lc
        
        Siberian flying squirrel Pteromys volans LR/nt
  - Subfamily: Xerinae
    - Tribe: Marmotini
      - Genus: Tamias
        Siberian chipmunk Tamias sibiricus LR/lc
- Family: Gliridae (dormice)
  - Subfamily: Glirinae
    - Genus: Glirulus
      - Japanese dormouse Glirulus japonicus EN
- Family: Cricetidae
  - Subfamily: Arvicolinae
    - Genus: Clethrionomys
      - Hokkaido red-backed vole Clethrionomys rex LR/nt
      - Grey red-backed vole Clethrionomys rufocanus LR/lc
      - Northern red-backed vole Clethrionomys rutilus LR/lc
      - Shikotan vole Clethrionomys sikotanensis LR/nt
    - Genus: Microtus
      - Japanese grass vole Microtus montebelli LR/lc
    - Genus: Myodes
      - Japanese red-backed vole Myodes andersoni VU
      - Smith's vole Myodes smithii LR/lc
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, gerbils, etc.)
  - Subfamily: Murinae
    - Genus: Apodemus
      - Small Japanese field mouse Apodemus argenteus LR/lc
      - Korean field mouse Apodemus peninsulae LR/lc
      - Large Japanese field mouse Apodemus speciosus LR/lc
    - Genus: Diplothrix
      - Ryukyu long-tailed giant rat Diplothrix legata EN
    - Genus: Micromys
      - Harvest mouse Micromys minutus LR/nt
    - Genus: Mus
      - Ryukyu mouse Mus caroli LR/lc
    - Genus: Rattus
      - Tanezumi rat Rattus tanezumi LR/lc
    - Genus: Tokudaia
      - Muennink's spiny rat Tokudaia muenninki CR
      - Ryukyu spiny rat Tokudaia osimensis EN

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Family: Ochotonidae (pikas)
- Genus: Ochotona
  - Northern pika Ochotona hyperborea LR/lc
Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Pentalagus
  - Amami rabbit Pentalagus furnessi EN
- Genus: Lepus
  - Japanese hare Lepus brachyurus LR/lc
  - Mountain hare Lepus timidus LR/lc

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. Shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice, while moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Crocidurinae
  - Genus: Crocidura
    - Dsinezumi shrew Crocidura dsinezumi LR/lc
    - Horsfield's shrew Crocidura horsfieldii LR/lc
    - Ryukyu shrew Crocidura orii EN
    - Lesser white-toothed shrew Crocidura suaveolens LR/lc
  - Genus: Suncus
    - Asian house shrew Suncus murinus LR/lc
- Subfamily: Soricinae
  - Tribe: Nectogalini
    - Genus: Chimarrogale
      - Himalayan water shrew Chimarrogale himalayica LR/lc
      - Flat-headed water shrew Chimarrogale platycephala LR/lc
  - Tribe: Soricini
    - Genus: Sorex
      - Slender shrew Sorex gracillimus LR/lc
      - Azumi shrew Sorex hosonoi VU
      - Eurasian least shrew Sorex minutissimus LR/lc
      - Sado shrew Sorex sadonis EN
      - Shinto shrew Sorex shinto LR/lc
      - Long-clawed shrew Sorex unguiculatus LR/lc
Family: Talpidae (moles)
- Subfamily: Talpinae
  - Genus: Nesoscaptor
    - Ryukyu mole Nesoscaptor uchidai EN
  - Tribe: Talpini
    - Genus: Euroscaptor
      - Japanese mountain mole Euroscaptor mizura VU
    - Genus: Mogera
      - Echigo mole Mogera etigo EN
      - Kobe mole Mogera kobeae LR/lc
      - Small Japanese mole Mogera minor LR/lc
      - Tokuda's mole Mogera tokudae EN
      - Japanese mole Mogera wogura LR/lc
  - Tribe: Urotrichini
    - Genus: Urotrichus
      - True's shrew mole Urotrichus pilirostris LR/lc
      - Japanese shrew mole Urotrichus talpoides LR/lc

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
- Subfamily: Pteropodinae
  - Genus: Pteropus
    - Ryukyu flying fox Pteropus dasymallus EN
    - Okinawa flying fox Pteropus loochoensis DD
    - Mariana fruit bat Pteropus mariannus EN
    - Bonin flying fox Pteropus pselaphon CR
Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
  - Genus: Myotis
    - Far Eastern myotis Myotis bombinus LR/nt
    - Daubenton's bat Myotis daubentonii LR/lc
    - Hodgson's bat Myotis formosus LR/lc
    - Fraternal myotis Myotis frater LR/nt
    - Hosono's myotis Myotis hosonoi VU
    - Ikonnikov's bat Myotis ikonnikovi LR/lc
    - Big-footed myotis Myotis macrodactylus LR/lc
    - Whiskered bat Myotis mystacinus LR/lc
    - Natterer's bat Myotis nattereri LR/lc
    - Honshu myotis Myotis ozensis EN
    - Frosted myotis Myotis pruinosus EN
    - Yanbaru whiskered bat Myotis yanbarensis DD
    - Yoshiyuki's myotis Myotis yesoensis VU
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
  - Genus: Eptesicus
    - Northern bat Eptesicus nilssoni LR/lc
  - Genus: Hypsugo
    - Savi's pipistrelle Hypsugo savii LR/lc
  - Genus: Nyctalus
    - Birdlike noctule Nyctalus aviator LR/nt
    - Common noctule Nyctalus noctula LR/lc
  - Genus: Pipistrellus
    - Endo's pipistrelle Pipistrellus endoi EN
    - Sturdee's pipistrelle Pipistrellus sturdeei DD
  - Genus: Plecotus
    - Brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus LR/lc
  - Genus: Vespertilio
    - Asian parti-colored bat Vespertilio superans LR/lc
- Subfamily: Murininae
  - Genus: Murina
    - Greater tube-nosed bat Murina leucogaster LR/lc
    - Ryukyu tube-nosed bat Murina ryukyuana DD
    - Forest tube-nosed bat Murina silvatica LR/nt
    - Gloomy tube-nosed bat Murina tenebrosa CR
- Subfamily: Miniopterinae
  - Genus: Miniopterus
    - Southeast Asian long-fingered bat Miniopterus fuscus VU
    - Schreibers' long-fingered bat Miniopterus schreibersii LC
Family: Molossidae
- Genus: Tadarida
  - La Touche's free-tailed bat Tadarida latouchei DD
  - European free-tailed bat Tadarida teniotis LR/lc
Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
  - Genus: Rhinolophus
    - Little Japanese horseshoe bat Rhinolophus cornutus LR/nt
    - Greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum LR/nt
    - Imaizumi's horseshoe bat Rhinolophus imaizumii EN
- Subfamily: Hipposiderinae
  - Genus: Hipposideros
    - Lesser great leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros turpis EN

Order: Cetacea (whales)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenidae
  - Genus: Balaena
    - Bowhead whale Balaena mysticetus LR/cd
  - Genus: Eubalaena
    - North Pacific right whale Eubalaena japonica EN
- Family: Balaenopteridae
  - Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
    - Genus: Balaenoptera
      - Common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata LR/nt
      - Sei whale Balaenoptera borealis EN
      - Bryde's whale Balaenoptera edeni DD
      - Omura's whale Balaenoptera omurai DD
      - Blue whale Balaenoptera musculus EN
      - Fin whale Balaenoptera physalus EN
  - Subfamily: Megapterinae
    - Genus: Megaptera
      - Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae VU
- Family: Eschrichtiidae
  - Genus: Eschrichtius
    - Gray whale Eschrichtius robustus LR/cd
Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
  - Family: Monodontidae
    - Genus: Delphinapterus
      - Beluga Delphinapterus leucas VU
  - Family: Phocoenidae
    - Genus: Neophocaena
      - Finless porpoise Neophocaena phocaenoides DD
    - Genus: Phocoena
      - Harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena VU
    - Genus: Phocoenoides
      - Dall's porpoise Phocoenoides dalli LR/cd
  - Family: Physeteridae
    - Genus: Physeter
      - Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus VU
  - Family: Kogiidae
    - Genus: Kogia
      - Pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps LR/lc
      - Dwarf sperm whale Kogia sima LR/lc
  - Family: Ziphidae
    - Genus: Ziphius
      - Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris DD
    - Genus: Berardius
      - Baird's beaked whale Berardius bairdii LR/cd
    - Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
      - Genus: Indopacetus
        Tropical bottlenose whale Indopacetus pacificus DD
      - Genus: Mesoplodon
        Hubbs' beaked whale Mesoplodon carlhubbsi DD
        
        Blainville's beaked whale Mesoplodon densirostris DD
        
        Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale Mesoplodon ginkgodens DD
        
        Stejneger's beaked whale Mesoplodon stejnegeri DD
  - Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
    - Genus: Steno
      - Rough-toothed dolphin Steno bredanensis DD
    - Genus: Tursiops
      - Common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus DD
    - Genus: Stenella
      - Pantropical spotted dolphin Stenella attenuata LR/cd
      - Striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba LR/cd
      - Spinner dolphin Stenella longirostris LR/cd
    - Genus: Delphinus
      - Long-beaked common dolphin Delphinus capensis LR/lc
      - Short-beaked common dolphin Delphinus delphis LR/lc
    - Genus: Lagenodelphis
      - Fraser's dolphin Lagenodelphis hosei DD
    - Genus: Lagenorhynchus
      - Pacific white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus obliquidens LR/lc
    - Genus: Lissodelphis
      - Northern right whale dolphin Lissodelphis borealis LR/lc
    - Genus: Grampus
      - Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus DD
    - Genus: Peponocephala
      - Melon-headed whale Peponocephala electra LR/lc
    - Genus: Feresa
      - Pygmy killer whale Feresa attenuata DD
    - Genus: Pseudorca
      - False killer whale Pseudorca crassidens LR/lc
    - Genus: Orcinus
      - Orca Orcinus orca LR/cd
    - Genus: Globicephala
      - Short-finned pilot whale Globicephala macrorhynchus LR/cd

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition. Wolves and otters are now believed to be extinct in Japan.

Suborder: Feliformia
- Family: Felidae (cats)
  - Subfamily: Felinae
    - Genus: Prionailurus
      - Iriomote cat Prionailurus bengalensis iriomotensis CR
      - Tshushima leopard cat Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus/euptilura CR
- Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
  - Genus: Herpestes
    - Small Indian mongoose Herpestes auropunctatus LR/lc
Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
  - Genus: Vulpes
    - Red fox Vulpes vulpes LC
  - Genus: Nyctereutes
    - Raccoon dog Nyctereutes procyonoides LC
  - Genus: Canis
    - Hokkaido wolf Canis lupus hattai EX (1889)
    - Honshu wolf Canis lupus hodophilax EX (1905)
- Family: Ursidae (bears)
  - Genus: Ursus
    - Brown bear Ursus arctos LR/lc
    - Asiatic black bear Ursus thibetanus VU
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
  - Genus: Mustela
    - Stoat Mustela erminea LR/lc
    - Least weasel Mustela nivalis LR/lc
    - Japanese weasel Mustela itatsi LC
  - Genus: Martes
    - Japanese marten LR/lc
    - Sable Martes zibellina LR/lc
  - Genus: Meles
    - Japanese badger Meles anakuma LC
  - Genus: Lutra
    - European otter Lutra lutra NT
    - Japanese otter Lutra nippon EX (when?)
  - Genus: Enhydra
    - Sea otter Enhydra lutris EN
- Family: Otariidae (eared seals, sealions)
  - Genus: Callorhinus
    - Northern fur seal Callorhinus ursinus VU
  - Genus: Eumetopias
    - Steller sea lion Eumetopias jubatus EN
  - Genus: Zalophus
    - Japanese sea lion Zalophus japonicus EX (after 1974)
- Family: Odobenidae
  - Genus: Odobenus
    - Walrus Odobenus rosmarus LR/lc
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
  - Genus: Erignathus
    - Bearded seal Erignathus barbatus LR/lc
  - Genus: Histriophoca
    - Ribbon seal Histriophoca fasciata LR/lc
  - Genus: Mirounga
    - Northern elephant seal Mirounga angustirostris LR/lc
  - Genus: Phoca
    - Spotted seal Phoca largha LR/lc
    - Common seal Phoca vitulina LR/lc
  - Genus: Pusa
    - Ringed seal Pusa hispida LR/lc

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Family: Suidae (pigs)
- Subfamily: Suinae
  - Genus: Sus
    - Wild boar Sus scrofa LR/lc
      - Japanese boar Sus scrofa leucomystax
      - Ryukyu boar Sus scrofa riukiuanus
Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Cervinae
  - Genus: Cervus
    - Sika deer Cervus nippon LR/lc
Family: Bovidae (cattle, antelope, sheep, goats)
- Subfamily: Caprinae
  - Genus: Nemorhaedus
    - Japanese serow Nemorhaedus crispus LR/cd

Notes

References

"The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of Japan". IUCN. 2001. Retrieved 22 May 2007.Â
"Mammal Species of the World". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. 2005. Archived from the original on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2007.Â
"Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995â€"2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.Â
"The Wild Mammals of Japan (S.D.Ohdachi et al. Edition). 2nd Printing version". Shoukadoh (Kyoto). 2010.Â

List Of Mammals Of Japan - Endangered Animals In Japan

Senin, 20 Maret 2017