Integrated design is an approach to design which brings together specialisms usually considered separately. For example:
- Design of a building which considers architecture, structural engineering and HVAC. The approach may also integrate building lifecycle management and a greater consideration of the end users of the building. The aim of integrated building design is often to produce sustainable architecture.
- Design of both a product (or family of products) and the assembly system that will produce it.
- Design of an electronic product that considers both hardware and software aspects, although this is often called co-design (not to be confused with participatory design, which is also often called co-design).
The requirement for integrated design comes when the different specialisms are dependent on each other or "coupled". An alternative or complimentary approach to integrated design is to consciously reduce the dependencies. In computing and systems design, this approach is known as loose coupling.
Dis-integrated design
Three phenomena are associated with a lack of integrated design:
- Silent design: design by default, by omission or by people not aware that they are participating in design activity.
- Partial design: design is only used to a limited degree, such as in superficial styling, often after the important design decisions have been made.
- Disparate design: design activity may be widespread, but is not co-ordinated or brought together to realise its potential.
A committee is sometimes a deliberate attempt to address disparate design, but design by committee is associated with silent design.
Methods for integrated design
The integrated design approach incorporates methods and tools to encourage and enable the specialists in the different areas to work together to produce an integrated design. One such method is a charrette with all specialists present, early in the design process.
References
See also
- Holism
- Mode 2
- Participatory design
- System integration
- Systems engineering
