The Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest in northern Georgia comprises two United States National Forests, the Oconee National Forest and Chattahoochee National Forest. The combined total area of the Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest is 866,468 acres (3,506Â km2), of which the Chattahoochee National Forest comprises 750,145 acres (3,036Â km2) and the Oconee National Forest comprises 116,232 acres (470Â km2). The county with the largest portion of the forest is Rabun County, Georgia, which has 148,684 acres (601.7Â km2) within its boundaries.
Wildlife
Numerous animals can be found in this forest including birds such as species of hawk, species of owl, blackbirds, ducks, eagles, sparrows, hummingbirds, geese, and cardinals. Mammalian species that roam in the forest are black bear, shrew, coyote, a variety of bats, squirrel, beaver, river otter, bobcat, deer, weasel, mice, and foxes. Many species of fish and amphibians swim in the streams. Various species of reptile also inhabit the forest.
History
The Chattahoochee National Forest takes its name from the Chattahoochee River whose headwaters begin in the North Georgia mountains. The River and the area were given the name by the English settlers who took the name from the Indians living here. The Cherokee and Creek Indians inhabited North Georgia. In one dialect of the Muskogean languages, Chatta means stone; ho chee, marked or flowered. These marked or flowered stones were in the Chattahoochee River at a settlement near Columbus, Georgia.
In 1911, the United States Forest Service purchased 31,000 acres (125Â km2) of land in Fannin, Gilmer, Lumpkin and Union Counties from the Gennett family for $7 per acre. This land was the beginning of what would become the Chattahoochee National Forest. The initial land purchases became a part of the Cherokee National Forest on June 14, 1920.
Ranger Roscoe Nicholson, who was the first forest ranger in Georgia and had advised the Forest Service in its initial land purchases, continued the growth of the Chattahoochee by negotiating the purchase of most of the Forest Service land in what is now the Chattooga River Ranger District. The Coleman River Scenic Area near Clayton, Georgia was dedicated to "Ranger Nick", as he was called, in honor of his promotion of conservation ideals.
Ranger Arthur Woody also promoted conservation and was a key figure in the early development of the Chattahoochee. Unwise land and resource use had caused the deer and trout populations to virtually disappear in the North Georgia mountains and Woody brought trout and deer back to the area. The trout were shipped to Gainesville, hauled across the narrow, dirt, mountain roads and eventually released in the streams. Woody also purchased fawns with his own money, and fed them until they could be released on what became the Blue Ridge Wildlife Management Area. Many landmarks in the Chattahoochee bear Ranger Woody’s name in tribute to his work. Sosebee Cove, a 175 acres (0.7 km2) tract of prize hardwood along GA 180 is set aside as a memorial to Woody, who negotiated its purchase for the Forest Service.
On July 9, 1936, the Forest Service was reorganized to follow state boundaries and President Franklin D. Roosevelt proclaimed the Chattahoochee a separate National Forest. In 1936, the Chattahoochee was organized into two Ranger Districts, the Blue Ridge and the Tallulah.
In 1959, President Dwight D. Eisenhower proclaimed 96,000 acres (388Â km2) of federal lands in central Georgia as the Oconee National Forest. The Oconee then joined the Chattahoochee to become the Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forests of today.
The Chattooga River was designated a Wild and Scenic River during the 1970s. The Chattooga remains one of the few free-flowing streams in the Southeast and is known for its white water rafting and beautiful scenery. The movie Deliverance was filmed on the Chattooga River, which became the fictional Cahulawassee River in the movie.
Today
The Chattahoochee National Forest today covers 18 north Georgia counties. The Chattahoochee currently has three ranger districts:
- Blue Ridge Ranger District, Office in Blairsville, GA
- Chattooga River Ranger District, Office in Tallulah Falls, GA
- Conasauga Ranger District, Office in Chatsworth, GA
It includes over 2,200 miles (3,500Â km) of rivers and streams (including about 1,367 miles (2,200Â km) of trout streams). There are over 450 miles (720Â km) of hiking and other recreation trails, and 1,600 miles (2,600Â km) of "roads." In addition to the Chattooga River and the headwaters of the Chattahoochee River, natural attractions within it boundaries include the beginning of the 2,174-mile (3,499Â km) Appalachian Trail, Georgia's highpoint, Brasstown Bald and Anna Ruby Falls.
The Chattahoochee also includes ten wildernesses that are part of the National Wilderness Preservation System, all of which are managed by the United States Forest Service. Parts of these wilderness extend outside Chattahoochee National Forest, as indicated. The wildernesses are:
- Big Frog Wilderness (Cherokee NF in Tennessee and Chattahoochee NF in Georgia)
- Blood Mountain Wilderness
- Brasstown Wilderness
- Cohutta Wilderness (Chattahoochee NF in Georgia and Cherokee NF in Tennessee)
- Ellicott Rock Wilderness (Nantahala NF in North Carolina; Sumter NF in South Carolina; and Chattahoochee NF in Georgia)
- Mark Trail Wilderness
- Raven Cliffs Wilderness
- Rich Mountain Wilderness
- Southern Nantahala Wilderness (Chattahoochee NF in Georgia and Nantahala NF in North Carolina)
- Tray Mountain Wilderness
The Oconee National Forest today is spread over eight Georgia counties and is organized into one ranger district. The Oconee Ranger District maintains several hiking and other recreational trails in the forest. Forest headquarters are located in Gainesville, Georgia.
Georgia counties
Listed below are the counties with land in the Forest showing the area and the relevant ranger districts.
Chattahoochee National Forest
Chattooga River Ranger District
- Banks County, 650 acres (2.6Â km2)
- Stephens County, 23,304 acres (94Â km2)
- Habersham County, 39,933 acres (162Â km2)
- White County, 41,526 acres (168Â km2)
- Rabun County, 148,575 acres (601Â km2)
Conasauga Ranger District
- Catoosa County, 6 acres (0.02Â km2)
- Chattooga County, 19,390 acres (78Â km2)
- Floyd County, 6,620 acres (27Â km2)
- Gilmer County, 23,098 acres (93Â km2)
- Gordon County, 8,076 acres (33Â km2)
- Murray County, 51,696 acres (209Â km2)
- Walker County, 18,844 acres (76Â km2)
- Whitfield County, 11,732 acres (47Â km2)
Blue Ridge Ranger District
- Dawson County, 6,760 acres (27Â km2)
- Fannin County, 106,130 acres (429Â km2)
- Gilmer County, 32,285 acres (131Â km2)
- Lumpkin County, 57,005 acres (231Â km2)
- Towns County, 57,481 acres (233Â km2)
- Union County, 97,839 acres (396Â km2)
Oconee National Forest
The Oconee National Forest is almost halfway between Macon and Athens. There are two major man-made lakes within the boundaries of the Oconee Ranger District, both on the Oconee River. Lake Sinclair lends its water and name to Lake Sinclair Recreation Area in Putnam County. This is the major recreation area of the Oconee Ranger District and offers camping, boating, fishing and swimming. Redlands Recreation area is located on Lake Oconee in Greene County and offers boating, picnicking and fishing. Oconee River Recreation Area, farther upstream and near the northern boundary of the National Forest offers camping and boating. There are many miles of hiking and equestrian trails within the forest and one trail for dirt bikes and four-wheelers. Hunt camps dispersed throughout the district are temporarily home to hundreds of hunters who enjoy the forest during deer hunting season. An active timber program insures the health of the forest.
Oconee Ranger District
- Greene County, 26,659 acres (108Â km2)
- Jasper County, 30,517 acres (123Â km2)
- Jones County, 16,757 acres (68Â km2)
- Monroe County, 251 acres (1.0Â km2)
- Morgan County, 308 acres (1.2Â km2)
- Oconee County, 157 acres (0.6Â km2)
- Oglethorpe County, 3,762 acres (15Â km2)
- Putnam County, 37,981 acres (154Â km2)
See also
References
External links
- Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest Home Page
- History of Chattahoohee National Forest
- Trails of the Chattahoochee-Oconee National Forest (Published 1995)
