List Of Mammals Of Ireland - Animals In Ireland

This is a list of the 60 mammal species recorded in Ireland. A new Red List of Irish terrestrial mammals was published in 2009 and all 26 terrestrial species native to Ireland, or naturalised in Ireland before 1500, were assessed. Of these, one was found to be regionally extinct (grey wolf Canis lupus), one achieved a threat status of Vulnerable (black rat Rattus rattus), three were found to be Near Threatened (Leisler's bat Nyctalus leisleri), otter (Lutra lutra) and red squirrel (Sciurus vulgaris)), one was data deficient (Brandt's bat Myotis brandtii) and the remaining 20 were of least concern.

The following tag are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45Â kg (100Â lb).

Suborder: Sciurognathi
- Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
  - Subfamily: Sciurinae
    - Genus: Sciurus
      - Red squirrel Sciurus vulgaris NT.
      - Eastern grey squirrel Sciurus carolinensis not assessed - a recent introduction in 1911.
- Family: Cricetidae
  - Subfamily: Arvicolinae
    - Genus: Myodes
      - Bank vole Myodes glareolus not assessed - a recent introduction.
- Family: Muridae (mice, rats, etc.)
  - Subfamily: Murinae
    - Genus: Mus
      - House mouse Mus musculus LC. Very early introduction.
    - Genus: Apodemus
      - Wood mouse Apodemus sylvaticus LC.
    - Genus: Rattus
      - Brown rat Rattus norvegicus - not assessed; post 1500 introduction.
      - Black rat Rattus rattus - VU; a very early (pre-1500) introduction.
- Family: Gliridae
  - Subfamily: Leithiinae
    - Genus: Muscardinus
      - Hazel dormouse Muscardinus avellanarius - not assessed; a recent introduction (confirmed 2013).

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
- Genus: Oryctolagus
  - European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus LC - an early introduction c. 12th century.
- Genus: Lepus
  - Irish hare Lepus timidus LC.
  - European hare Lepus europaeus - not assessed; recent introduction.

Order: Erinaceomorpha (hedgehogs and gymnures)

The order Erinaceomorpha contains a single family, Erinaceidae, which comprise the hedgehogs and gymnures. The hedgehogs are easily recognised by their spines while gymnures look more like large rats.

Family: Erinaceidae (hedgehogs)
- Subfamily: Erinaceinae
  - Genus: Erinaceus
    - West European hedgehog Erinaceus europaeus LC.

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

Family: Soricidae (shrews)
- Subfamily: Soricinae
  - Genus: Sorex
    - Eurasian pygmy shrew Sorex minutus LC.
  - Genus: Crocidura
    - Greater white-toothed shrew Crocidura russula, not assessed, a very recent introduction.

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

Family: Vespertilionidae
- Subfamily: Myotinae
  - Genus: Myotis
    - Daubenton's bat Myotis daubentonii LC.
    - Whiskered bat Myotis mystacinus LC.
    - Brandt's bat Myotis brandti DD.
    - Natterer's bat Myotis nattereri LC.
- Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
  - Genus: Nyctalus
    - Leisler's bat Nyctalus leisleri NT.
  - Genus: Pipistrellus
    - Common pipistrelle Pipistrellus pipistrellus LC.
    - Soprano pipistrelle Pipistrellus pygmaeus LC.
    - Nathusius pipistrelle Pipistrellus nathusii LC.
  - Genus: Plecotus
    - Brown long-eared bat Plecotus auritus LC.
Family: Rhinolophidae
- Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
  - Genus: Rhinolophus
    - Lesser horseshoe bat Rhinolophus hipposideros LC.

Order: Cetacea (whales)

The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins, and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

Suborder: Mysticeti
- Family: Balaenidae (right whales)
  - Genus: Balaena
    - Bowhead whale Balaena mysticetusâ™ LC (Vagrant)
  - Genus: Eubalaena
    - North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis â™ CR or Functionally Extinct in Eastern Atlantic
- Family: Eschrichtiidae (gray whales)
  - Genus: Eschrichtius
    - North Atlantic gray whale Eschrichtius robustusâ™ EX (A plan to re-introduce into Irish Sea was once considered)
- Family: Balaenopteridae (rorqual)
  - Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
    - Genus: Balaenoptera
      - Common minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrataâ™ LR/NT
      - Sei whale Balaenoptera borealisâ™ EN
      - Fin whale Balaenoptera physalusâ™ EN (increasing gradually in Irish waters)
      - Blue whale Balaenoptera m. musculusâ™ EN
- Family: Megapterinae
  - Genus: Megaptera
    - Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliaeâ™ LC (used to be rare, now increasing gradually in Irish waters)
Suborder: Odontoceti
- Superfamily: Platanistoidea
  - Family: Monodontidae (narwhals)
    - Genus: Delphinapterus
      - Beluga Delphinapterus leucasâ™ NT
  - Family: Phocoenidae (porpoises)
    - Genus: Phocoena
      - Harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoenaâ™ LC
  - Family: Physeteridae (sperm whales)
    - Genus: Physeter
      - Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalusâ™ VU
  - Family: Kogiidae
    - Genus: Kogia
      - Pygmy sperm whale Kogia brevicepsâ™ LR/LC
  - Family: Ziphidae (beaked whales)
    - Genus: Ziphius
      - Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostrisâ™ DD
  - Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
    - Genus: Hyperoodon
      - North Atlantic Bottlenose whale Hyperoodon ampullatusâ™ DD
    - Genus: Mesoplodon
      - Sowerby's beaked whale Mesoplodon bidensâ™ DD
      - Gervais' beaked whale Mesoplodon europaeusâ™ DD
      - True's beaked whale Mesoplodon mirusâ™ DD
  - Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
    - Genus: Delphis
      - Short-beaked common dolphin Delphinus delphisâ™ LR/LC
    - Genus: Tursiops
      - Bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatusâ™ DD
    - Genus: Stenella
      - Striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba LR/cd
    - Genus: Lagenorhynchus
      - Atlantic white-sided dolphin Lagenorhynchus acutusâ™ LR/LC
      - White-beaked dolphin Lagenorhynchus albirostrisâ™ LR/LC
    - Genus: Grampus
      - Risso's dolphin Grampus griseusâ™ DD
    - Genus: Globicephala
      - Pilot whale Globicephala melasâ™ LR/LC
    - Genus: Pseudorca
      - False killer whale Pseudorca crassidensâ™ DD
    - Genus: Orcinus
      - Orca Orcinus orcaâ™ DD

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

Carnivorans include over 260 species, the majority of which eat meat as their primary dietary item. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

Suborder: Caniformia
- Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
  - Genus: Vulpes
    - Red fox Vulpes vulpes LC.
  - Genus: Canis
    - Grey wolf Canis lupus RE - the last wolf in Ireland was killed in 1783
- Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
  - Genus: Neovison
    - American mink Neovison vison, not assessed. Recent introduction.
  - Genus: Mustela
    - Stoat Mustela erminea LC.
  - Genus: Martes
    - European pine marten Martes martes LC.
  - Genus: Meles
    - Eurasian badger Meles meles LC.
  - Genus: Lutra
    - European otter Lutra lutra NT.
- Family: Odobenidae
  - Genus: Odobenus
    - Walrus Odobenus rosmarus LR/LC Migrant. Very occasional.
- Family: Phocidae (earless seals)
  - Genus: Halichoerus
    - Grey seal Halichoerus grypus LR/LC
  - Genus: Phoca
    - Common seal Phoca vitulina LR/LC
  - Genus: Erignathus
    - Bearded seal Erignathus barbatus LC/RC September 2002 Leenane, County Mayo is the first, and only, record of this Arctic seal for Ireland.
  - Genus: Pusa
    - Ringed seal Pusa hispida LC/RC Migrant. Very occasional.
  - Genus: Pagophilus
    - Harp seal Pagophilus groenlandicus LC/RC Migrant. Very occasional.
  - Genus: Cystophora
    - Hooded seal Cystophora cristatus VU Migrant. Very occasional.

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

Family: Suidae (pigs)
- Subfamily: Suinae
  - Genus: Sus
    - Boar Sus scrofa not assessed, recent reintroduction.

Family: Cervidae (deer)
- Subfamily: Cervinae
  - Genus: Cervus
    - Red deer Cervus elaphus - introduced around 5,000 years ago.
    - Reeves's muntjac Muntiacus reevesi not assessed - recent introduction
    - Sika deer Cervus nippon not assessed - recent introduction
- Subfamily: Capreolinae
  - Genus: Capreolus
    - Roe deer Capreolus capreolus Not assessed. No longer present. Introduced to the Lissadell Estate, Co. Sligo in 1870. Died out c. 1920.
  - Genus: Dama
    - Fallow deer Dama dama - Introduced by the Normans in 1244.
Family: Bovidae
- Subfamily: Caprinae
  - Genus: Capra
    - Feral Bilberry goat Capra aegagrus hircus. Not assessed, derived from domesticated animals.

Notes

References

"Marnell, F., Kingston, N. & Looney, D. (2009) Ireland Red List No. 3: Terrestrial Mammals, National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government, Dublin, Ireland." (PDF). National Parks and Wildlife Service, Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government,Dublin, Ireland. 2009. Retrieved 6 June 2010.Â
"Mammal Species of the World". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. 2005. Archived from the original on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2007.Â
"Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995â€"2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.Â
Smiddy, P. 1999 Re-assessment of the Irish records of ringed, harp and hooded seals. Irish Naturalists' Journal 26: 249-250

Comparison with Great Britain

The following species are found in Great Britain but not in Ireland:

Field vole Microtus agrestis
Common vole M. arvalis
Water vole Arvicola terrestris
Harvest mouse Micromys minutus
Yellow-necked mouse A. flavicollis
Edible dormouse Glis glis
European mole Talpa europaea
Common shrew Sorex araneus
Eurasian water shrew Neomys fodiens
Lesser white-toothed shrew Crocidura suaveolens
Greater horseshoe bat Rhinolophus ferrumequinum
Greater mouse-eared bat Myotis myotis
Bechstein's bat M. bechsteini
Parti-coloured bat Vespertilio murinus
Serotine Eptesicus serotinus
Northern bat E. nilssoni
Common noctule Nyctalus noctula
Hoary bat Lasiurus cinereus
Barbastelle Barbastella barbastellus
Grey long-eared bat Plecotus austriacus
Least weasel Mustela nivalis
European polecat M. putorius
European wildcat Felis sylvestris silvestris
Red-necked wallaby Macropus rufogriseus
Water deer Hydropotes inermis â€" Introduced c.1896.
Eurasian beaver Castor fiber â€" Reintroduced 2009

External links

Ulster Museum Northern Ireland Mammals, Amphibians and Reptiles.Includes more extinct mammals.
NPWS Breedig populations of Grey seals in the Republic of Ireland
Irish Whale and Dolphin Group
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List Of Mammals Of Ireland - Animals In Ireland

Kamis, 16 Februari 2017