List Of Mammals Of Sri Lanka - Animals In Sri Lanka

This is a list of the mammal species recorded in Sri Lanka. There are 125 mammal species in Sri Lanka, of which 1 is critically endangered, 10 are endangered, 10 are vulnerable, and 3 are near-threatened.

The following tags are used to highlight each species' conservation status as assessed by the IUCN:

Some species were assessed using an earlier set of criteria. Species assessed using this system have the following instead of near threatened and least concern categories:

Mammalian diversity

Subclass: Theria

Infraclass: Eutheria

Order: Proboscidea (elephants)

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The elephants comprise three living species and are the largest living land animals.

• Family: Elephantidae (elephants)
  • Genus: Elephas
    • Asian elephant Elephas maximus EN - අලà·'යා
    • Sri Lankan elephant Elephas maximus maximus

Order: Sirenia (manatees and dugongs)

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Sirenia is an order of fully aquatic, herbivorous mammals that inhabit rivers, estuaries, coastal marine waters, swamps, and marine wetlands. All four species are endangered.

• Family: Dugongidae
  • Genus: Dugong
    • Dugong Dugong dugon VU - මà·"à·„à·"දà·" ඌරා

Order: Primates

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The order Primates contains humans and their closest relatives: lemurs, lorisoids, monkeys, and apes.

• Suborder: Strepsirrhini
  • Infraorder: Lemuriformes
    • Superfamily: Lorisoidea
      • Family: Lorisidae (lorises, bushbabies)
        • • Genus: Loris
            • Gray slender loris Loris lydekkerianus LC - අලà·" උණහපà·"ලà·"වා
            • Red slender loris Loris tardigradus EN - ශ්‍රà·" ලංකා රත් උණහපà·"ලà·"වා
• Suborder: Haplorhini
  • Infraorder: Simiiformes
    • Parvorder: Catarrhini
      • Superfamily: Cercopithecoidea
        • Family: Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys)
          • • Genus: Macaca
              • Toque macaque Macaca sinica EN - රà·'ලවා
          • Subfamily: Colobinae
            • Genus: Semnopithecus
              • Tufted gray langur Semnopithecus priam NT - හැලà·' වදà·"රා
              • Purple-faced langur Semnopithecus vetulus EN - ශ්‍රà·" ලංකා කලà·" වදà·"රා

Order: Rodentia (rodents)

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Rodents make up the largest order of mammals, with over 40 percent of mammalian species. They have two incisors in the upper and lower jaw which grow continually and must be keep short by gnawing. Most rodents are small though the capybara can weigh up to 45 kg (100 lb).

• Suborder: Hystricognathi
  • Family: Hystricidae (Old World porcupines)
    • Genus: Hystrix
      • Indian porcupine Hystrix indica LC - ඉත්තà·'වා
• Suborder: Sciurognathi
  • Family: Sciuridae (squirrels)
    • Subfamily: Ratufinae
      • Genus: Ratufa
        • Grizzled giant squirrel Ratufa macroura NT - දඩà·" ලේනා
    • Subfamily: Sciurinae
      • Tribe: Pteromyini
        • Genus: Petaurista
          • Indian giant flying squirrel Petaurista philippensis LC - මහ හම්බාවා
        • Genus: Petinomys
          • Travancore flying squirrel Petinomys fuscocapillus NT - à·„à·"න් හම්බාවා
    • Subfamily: Callosciurinae
      • Genus: Funambulus
        • Layard's palm squirrel Funambulus layardi VU - ශ්‍රà·" ලංකා මූකලන් ලේනා
        • Indian palm squirrel Funambulus palmarum LC - ලේනා
        • Dusky palm squirrel Funambulus obscurus LC - ශ්‍රà·" ලංකා පà·"ංචà·' ලේනා
  • Family: Muridae (mice, rats, voles, gerbils, hamsters, etc.)
    • Subfamily: Gerbillinae
      • Genus: Tatera
        • Indian gerbil Tatera indica LC - වැලà·' මà·"යා
    • Subfamily: Murinae
      • Genus: Bandicota
        • Lesser bandicoot rat Bandicota bengalensis LC - මහ ඌරà·" මà·"යා
        • Greater bandicoot rat Bandicota indica LC - à·„à·"න් ඌරà·" මà·"යා
      • Genus: Madromys
        • Blanford's rat Madromys blanfordi LC - වලà·'ග à·ƒà·"දà·" වන මà·"යා
      • Genus: Golunda
        • Indian bush rat Golunda ellioti LC - පදà·"රà·" මà·"යා
      • Genus: Millardia
        • Soft-furred rat Millardia meltada LC - කෙස් මà·"දà·" කෙත් මà·"යා
      • Genus: Mus
        • Little Indian field mouse Mus booduga LC - වෙල් à·„à·"න් මà·"යා
        • Ceylon spiny mouse Mus fernandoni LC - ශ්‍රà·" ලංකා ක‍ටà·" à·„à·"න් මà·"යා
        • Mayor's mouse Mus mayori NT - ශ්‍රà·" ලංකා දෙපැහැ ක‍ටà·" à·„à·"න් මà·"යා
      • Genus: Rattus
        • Nillu rat Rattus montanus EN - පොදà·" ගේ මà·"යා
        • Brown rat Rattus norvegicus* LC - පොදà·" ගේ මà·"යා introduced species
      • Genus: Srilankamys
        • Ohiya rat Srilankamys ohiensis NT - ශ්‍රà·" ලංකා දෙපැහැ මà·"යා
      • Genus: Vandeleuria
        • Nolthenius's long-tailed climbing mouse Vandeleuria nolthenii VU - ශ්‍රà·" ලංකා ගස් මà·"යා
        • Asiatic long-tailed climbing mouse Vandeleuria oleracea LC - ගස් මà·"යා

Order: Lagomorpha (lagomorphs)

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The lagomorphs comprise two families, Leporidae (hares and rabbits), and Ochotonidae (pikas). Though they can resemble rodents, and were classified as a superfamily in that order until the early 20th century, they have since been considered a separate order. They differ from rodents in a number of physical characteristics, such as having four incisors in the upper jaw rather than two.

• Family: Leporidae (rabbits, hares)
  • Genus: Lepus
    • Indian hare Lepus nigricollis LR/lc - වල් හාවා

Order: Soricomorpha (shrews, moles, and solenodons)

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The "shrew-forms" are insectivorous mammals. The shrews and solenodons closely resemble mice while the moles are stout-bodied burrowers.

• Family: Soricidae (shrews)
  • Subfamily: Crocidurinae
    • Genus: Crocidura
      • Horsefield's shrew Crocidura horsfieldii LR/lc - කà·"ණà·" à·„à·'ක් මà·"යා
      • Sri Lankan long-tailed shrew Crocidura miya EN - ශ්‍රà·" ලංකා කà·"ණà·" à·„à·'ක් මà·"යා
      • Sinharaja shrew Crocidura hikmiyaEN - ශ්‍රà·" ලංකා à·ƒà·'ංහරාජ කà·"ණà·" à·„à·'ක් මà·"යා
    • Genus: Feroculus
      • Kelaart's long-clawed shrew Feroculus feroculus EN - පà·'රà·' à·„à·'ක් මà·"යා
    • Genus: Solisorex
      • Pearson's long-clawed shrew Solisorex pearsoni EN - ශ්‍රà·" ලංකා නà·'ය දà·'ගà·" මාහà·'ක් මà·"යා
    • Genus: Suncus
      • Etruscan shrew Suncus etruscus LC - පොඩà·' à·„à·'ක් මà·"යා
      • Sri Lanka shrew Suncus fellowesgordoni EN - ශ්‍රà·" ලංකා පොඩà·' à·„à·'ක් මà·"යා
      • Sri Lanka highland shrew Suncus montanus VU - ශ්‍රà·" ලංකා කදà·" à·„à·'ක් මà·"යා
      • Asian house shrew Suncus murinus LR/lc - පොදà·" à·„à·'ක් මà·"යා
      • Jungle shrew Suncus zeylanicus EN - ශ්‍රà·" ලංකා කැලà·' à·„à·'ක් මà·"යා

Order: Chiroptera (bats)

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The bats' most distinguishing feature is that their forelimbs are developed as wings, making them the only mammals in the world naturally capable of flight. Bat species account for about 20% of all mammals.

• Family: Pteropodidae (flying foxes, Old World fruit bats)
  • Subfamily: Pteropodinae
    • Genus: Cynopterus
      • Cynopterus Cynopterus brachyotis LR/lc - à·„à·"න් තල වවà·"ලා
      • Greater short-nosed fruit bat Cynopterus sphinx LR/lc - තල වවà·"ලා
    • Genus: Pteropus
      • Indian flying-fox Pteropus giganteus LR/lc - මා වවà·"ලා
    • Genus: Rousettus
      • Rousettus leschenaulti LR/lc - බොර කහ පලා වවà·"ලා
• Family: Vespertilionidae
  • Subfamily: Kerivoulinae
    • Genus: Kerivoula
      • Hardwicke's woolly bat Kerivoula hardwickii LR/lc - රත් බොර කà·'රà·' වවà·"ලා
      • Painted bat Kerivoula picta LR/lc - à·€à·'à·ƒà·'තà·"රà·" කà·'රà·' වවà·"ලා
  • Subfamily: Myotinae
    • Genus: Myotis
      • Lesser large-footed bat Myotis hasseltii LR/lc - බොර වවà·"ලා
  • Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
    • Genus: Falsistrellus
      • Chocolate pipistrelle Falsistrellus affinis LR/lc - බොර à·„à·"න් වවà·"ලා
    • Genus: Hesperoptenus
      • Tickell's bat Hesperoptenus tickelli LR/lc - අවර වවà·"ලා
    • Genus: Pipistrellus
      • Kelaart's pipistrelle Pipistrellus ceylonicus LR/lc - රත් බොර කොස්ඇට වවà·"ලා
      • Indian pipistrelle Pipistrellus coromandra LR/lc - ඉන්දà·" කොස්ඇට වවà·"ලා
    • Genus: Scotophilus
      • Greater Asiatic yellow bat Scotophilus heathi LR/lc - මහ කහ වවà·"ලා
      • Lesser Asiatic yellow bat Scotophilus kuhlii LR/lc - à·„à·"න් කහ වවà·"ලා
  • Subfamily: Murininae
    • Genus: Murina
      • Murina cyclotis LR/lc - නළ නැහැ වවà·"ලා
  • Subfamily: Miniopterinae
    • Genus: Miniopterus
      • Schreibers' long-fingered bat Miniopterus schreibersii LC - දà·'ක්පà·'ය වවà·"ලා
• Family: Molossidae
  • Genus: Chaerephon
    • Wrinkle-lipped free-tailed bat Chaerephon plicata LR/lc - පොදà·" ‍රැලà·'තොල් වවà·"ලා
  • Genus: Tadarida
    • Egyptian free-tailed bat Tadarida aegyptiaca LC - මහදà·'ව් ‍රැලà·'තොල් වවà·"ලා
• Family: Emballonuridae
  • Genus: Saccolaimus
    • Naked-rumped pouched bat Saccolaimus saccolaimus LR/lc - පැස්පà·'රà·" වවà·"ලා
  • Genus: Taphozous
    • Long-winged tomb bat Taphozous longimanus LR/lc - දà·'ක්බා කෙපà·"ලà·"ම් වවà·"ලා
    • Black-bearded tomb bat Taphozous melanopogon LR/lc - ‍රැවà·"ලකලà·" කෙපà·"ලà·"ම් වවà·"ලා
• Family: Megadermatidae
  • Genus: Megaderma
    • Megaderma lyra LR/lc
    • Lesser false vampire bat Megaderma spasma LR/lc - කන්දà·'ගà·" බොරà·" ලේ වවà·"ලා
• Family: Rhinolophidae
  • Subfamily: Rhinolophinae
    • Genus: Rhinolophus
      • Lesser woolly horseshoe bat Rhinolophus beddomei NT - මහ අස්ලාඩම් වවà·"ලා
      • Woolly horseshoe bat Rhinolophus luctus LR/lc - මහ අස්ලාඩම් වවà·"ලා
      • Rufous horseshoe bat Rhinolophus rouxi LR/lc - බොරත් අස්ලාඩම් වවà·"ලා
  • Subfamily: Hipposiderinae
    • Genus: Hipposideros
      • Dusky roundleaf bat Hipposideros ater LR/lc - දෙපැහැ පත්නැහැ වවà·"ලා
      • Fulvus roundleaf bat Hipposideros fulvus LR/lc - මැලà·'කහ පත්නැහැ වවà·"ලා
      • Cantor's roundleaf bat Hipposideros galeritus LR/lc - කෙස්දà·'ගà·" පත්නැහැ වවà·"ලා
      • Indian roundleaf bat Hipposideros lankadiva LC - මහ පත්නැහැ වවà·"ලා
      • Schneider's leaf-nosed bat Hipposideros speoris LC - කෙස්කෙටà·' පත්නැහැ වවà·"ලා

Order: Pholidota (pangolins)

The order Philodota comprises the eight species of pangolin. Pangolins are anteaters and have the powerful claws, elongated snout and long tongue seen in the other unrelated anteater species.

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• Family: Manidae
  • Genus: Manis
    • Indian pangolin Manis crassicaudata LR/nt - කබල්ලà·'වා

Order: Cetacea (whales)

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The order Cetacea includes whales, dolphins and porpoises. They are the mammals most fully adapted to aquatic life with a spindle-shaped nearly hairless body, protected by a thick layer of blubber, and forelimbs and tail modified to provide propulsion underwater.

• Suborder: Mysticeti
  • Family: Balaenopteridae
    • Subfamily: Balaenopterinae
      • Genus: Balaenoptera
        • Minke whale Balaenoptera acutorostrata LR/nt - මà·'න්කà·' තල්මසා
        • Bryde's whale Balaenoptera edeni DD - බ්ර්ය්ඩ් තල්මසා
        • Blue whale Balaenoptera musculus EN - නà·'ල් තල්මසා
        • Fin whale Balaenoptera physalus EN - වරල් තල්මසා
    • Subfamily: Megapterinae
      • Genus: Megaptera
        • Humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae CR (Arabian Sea Population)
• Suborder: Odontoceti
  • Superfamily: Platanistoidea
    • Family: Phocoenidae
      • Genus: Neophocaena
        • Finless porpoise Neophocaena phocaenoides DD - අවරල් දෙනà·"වා
    • Family: Physeteridae
      • Genus: Physeter
        • Sperm whale Physeter macrocephalus VU - මන්ද තල්මසා
    • Family: Kogiidae
      • Genus: Kogia
        • Pygmy sperm whale Kogia breviceps LR/lc - කà·"රà·" මන්ද තල්මසා
        • Dwarf sperm whale Kogia sima LR/lc - මà·'ටà·' මන්ද තල්මසා
    • Family: Ziphidae
      • Genus: Ziphius
        • Cuvier's beaked whale Ziphius cavirostris DD - කà·"à·€à·'යර් උල් තල්මසා
      • Subfamily: Hyperoodontinae
        • Genus: Mesoplodon
          • Blainville's beaked whale Mesoplodon densirostris DD - බ්ලේයà·'න් හොබà·" තල්මසා
          • Ginkgo-toothed beaked whale Mesoplodon ginkgodens DD - බ්ලේයà·'න් හොබà·" තල්මසා
          • Deraniyagala's beaked whale Mesoplodon hotaula DD - දැරණà·'ලගලගේ උල්හොට තල්මසා
    • Family: Delphinidae (marine dolphins)
      • Genus: Steno
        • Rough-toothed dolphin Steno bredanensis DD - රලà·"දත් මà·"ල්ලා
      • Genus: Sousa
        • Sousa chinensis DD - රලà·"දත් මà·"ල්ලා
      • Genus: Tursiops
        • Indo-pacific dolphin Tursiops aduncus DD - ඉන්දà·" පැසà·'‍ෆà·'ක් බොතල්නාස් මà·"ල්ලා
        • Bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus DD - බෝතල්නාස මà·"ල්ලා
      • Genus: Stenella
        • Pantropical spotted dolphin Stenella attenuata LR/cd - තà·'ත් මà·"ල්ලා
        • Striped dolphin Stenella coeruleoalba LR/cd - වෛරම් මà·"ල්ලා
        • Spinner dolphin Stenella longirostris LR/cd - බමන මà·"ල්ලා
      • Genus: Lagenodelphis
        • Fraser's dolphin Lagenodelphis hosei DD - කෙටà·'හොට මà·"ල්ලා
      • Genus: Grampus
        • Risso's dolphin Grampus griseus DD - අළà·" මà·"ල්ලා
      • Genus: Peponocephala
        • Melon-headed whale Peponocephala electra LR/lc - පà·"à·„à·"ල් à¶"à·…à·" මà·"ල්ලා
      • Genus: Feresa
        • Pygmy killer whale Feresa attenuata DD - කà·"රà·" මà·'නà·" තල්මසා
      • Genus: Pseudorca
        • False killer whale Pseudorca crassidens LR/lc - බොරà·" මà·'නà·" තල්මසා
      • Genus: Orcinus
        • Orca Orcinus orca LR/cd - මà·'නà·" තල්මසා
      • Genus: Globicephala
        • Pilot whale Globicephala macrorhynchus LR/cd - නà·'යමà·" තල්මසා

Order: Carnivora (carnivorans)

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There are over 260 species of carnivorans, the majority of which feed primarily on meat. They have a characteristic skull shape and dentition.

• Suborder: Feliformia
  • Family: Felidae (cats)
    • Subfamily: Felinae
      • Genus: Felis
        • Jungle cat Felis chaus LC - වල් බළලා / වල් බාවා
          • Sri Lankan jungle cat Felis chaus kelaarti
      • Genus: Prionailurus
        • Rusty-spotted cat Prionailurus rubiginosus VU - කොල දà·'à·€à·'යා
        • Fishing cat Prionailurus viverrinus VU - හදà·"න් දà·'à·€à·'යා
    • Subfamily: Pantherinae
      • Genus: Panthera
        • Leopard Panthera pardus LC - දà·'à·€à·'යා
          • Sri Lankan leopard Panthera pardus kotiya
  • Family: Viverridae (civets, genets, etc.)
    • Subfamily: Paradoxurinae
      • Genus: Paradoxurus
        • Asian palm civet Paradoxurus hermaphroditus LR/lc - කලවැද්දා
        • Golden wet zone palm civet Paradoxurus aureus LR/lc -split into 2 species.
        • Sri Lanka golden striped-backed palm civet Paradoxurus stenocephalus V - ශ්‍රà·" ලංකා රන් කලවැද්දා
        • Sri Lanka brown palm civet Paradoxurus montanus V - ශ්‍රà·" ලංකා බොර කලවැද්දා
    • Subfamily: Viverrinae
      • Genus: Viverricula
        • Small Indian civet Viverricula indica LR/lc - උරà·"ලà·'වා
  • Family: Herpestidae (mongooses)
    • Genus: Herpestes
      • Indian gray mongoose Herpestes edwardsii LR/lc - මà·"ගටà·'යා
      • Indian brown mongoose Herpestes fuscus DD - බොර මà·"ගටà·'යා
      • Ruddy mongoose Herpestes smithii LR/lc - හෝතබà·"වා
      • Stripe-necked mongoose Herpestes vitticollis LR/lc - මහ මà·"ගටà·'යා
• Suborder: Caniformia
  • Family: Canidae (dogs, foxes)
    • Genus: Canis
      • Golden jackal Canis aureus LC - à·„à·'වලා
        • Sri Lankan golden jackal Canis aureus naria
  • Family: Ursidae (bears)
    • Genus: Melursus
      • Sloth bear Melursus ursinus VU - මන්ද වලහා
  • Family: Mustelidae (mustelids)
    • Genus: Lutra
      • European otter Lutra lutra NT - දà·'ය බල්ලා

Order: Artiodactyla (even-toed ungulates)

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The even-toed ungulates are ungulates whose weight is borne about equally by the third and fourth toes, rather than mostly or entirely by the third as in perissodactyls. There are about 220 artiodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

• Family: Suidae (pigs)
  • Subfamily: Suinae
    • Genus: Sus
      • Boar Sus scrofa LR/lc - වල් ඌරා
• Family: Tragulidae
  • Genus: Moschiola
    • Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain Moschiola meminna LR/lc - ශ්‍රà·" ලංකා à·ƒà·"දà·" තà·'ත් මà·"මà·'න්නා
    • Sri Lankan yellow-striped chevrotain Moschiola kathygre LR/lc - ශ්‍රà·" ලංකා කහ ඉරà·' මà·"මà·'න්නා
• Family: Cervidae (deer)
  • Subfamily: Cervinae
    • Genus: Rusa
      • Sambar deer Rusa unicolor LR/lc - ගෝනා
        • Sri Lankan sambar deer Rusa unicolor unicolor
    • Genus: Hyelaphus
      • Hog deer Hyelaphus porcinus EN/en - à·€à·'ල් මà·"වා
        • Ceylon hog deer*
    • Genus: Axis
      • Chital Axis axis LR/lc - තà·'ත් මà·"වා
        • Sri Lankan axis deer Axis axis ceylonensis
  • Subfamily: Muntiacinae
    • Genus: Muntiacus
      • Indian muntjac Muntiacus muntjak LR/lc - ඕලà·" මà·"වා / වැලà·' මà·"වා
        • Sri Lankan muntjac Muntiacus muntjak malabaricus
• Family: Bovidae (bovids)
  • Subfamily: Bovinae
    • Genus: Bubalus
      • Wild Asian water buffalo Bubalus arnee EN/en - කà·"à·…à·" මà·"හරකා

Order: Perissodactyla (odd-toed ungulates)

The odd-toed ungulates are ungulates that are equally important as Artiodactyls. There are about 17 perissodactyl species, including many that are of great economic importance to humans.

• Family: Equidae (horses)
  • Genus: Equus
    • Wild horse Equus ferus* LR/lc - also known as Delft pony - වල් අශ්වයා
    • Donkey Equus africanus asinus LR/lc - බූරà·"වා

See also

• Wildlife of Sri Lanka
• Mammals of Sri Lanka (book)
• List of chordate orders
• List of regional mammals lists
• List of prehistoric mammals
• Mammal classification
• New mammal species

Further reading

• Mammals of Sri Lanka by Asoka Yapa and Gamini Ratnavira, ISBN 978-955-8576-32-8

Notes

References

• "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: Mammals of Sri Lanka". IUCN. 2001. Retrieved 22 May 2007. 
• "Mammal Species of the World". Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History. 2005. Archived from the original on 27 April 2007. Retrieved 22 May 2007. 
• "Animal Diversity Web". University of Michigan Museum of Zoology. 1995â€"2006. Retrieved 22 May 2007.