Poecilia sphenops is a species of fish, of the genus Poecilia, known under the common name molly; to distinguish it from its congeners, it is sometimes called short-finned molly or common molly. They inhabit fresh water streams and coastal brackish and marine waters of Mexico. The wild-type fish are a dull silvery color, often sprinkled black all over. The common molly can produce fertile hybrids with many Poecilia species, most importantly the sailfin molly. The male black mollies generally tend to be mildly aggressive.
Mollies rank as one of the most popular feeder fish due to high growth rate, birth size, reproduction, and brood number.
Biology
Contrary to popular belief, this species of fish is actually a freshwater species, spending little time in brackish water before swimming back to their freshwater biotope. However, fish of the same species have been found in coastal sea waters, brackish swamps and freshwater streams, living and breeding. Mollies appear to be a hardy and highly adaptable species (this has been diluted over years of interbreeding in tank-bred specimens).
Mollies are similar in appearance to their livebearer cousins, the platy and swordtail, although the molly tends to be slightly larger and more energetic. Many aquarists note the stronger individuality and aggression in keeping mollies versus platies, who appear much more docile.
Size
Standard size of male fish is 3.2″ (8cm) and female fish is 4.8″ (12cm).
Varieties
Selective breeding over centuries has produced several color variations and different body shapes.
Short-Finned Molly or Common Molly: They inhabit fresh water streams and coastal brackish and marine waters of Mexico. The wild-type fish are a dull silvery color, often sprinkled black all over. The common molly can produce fertile hybrids with many Poecilia species, most importantly the sailfin molly. The wild form is in fact quite rarely kept, as it has a rather plain silvery coloration suffused with brown and green hues.
Black Molly or Midnight Molly: This variety actually originated from hybrids between Poecilia sphenops and the sailfin molly. Due to genomic recombination, F1 hybrids often display novel and bizarre fin shapes. It is a melanistic breed which are black all over. It is one of the most well-known aquarium fishes and nearly as easy to keep and prolific as guppies.
White Molly: A white colored molly.
Golden Molly: Nicknamed the "24 karat".
Balloon Molly: This fish has a deformed spine due to a genetic defect that gives it its appearance. Through selective breeding it is now widely available. Balloon mollies can still reproduce and live a normal life comparable to that of other mollies, but it has garnered controversy due to the belief that its defect gives it a shortened lifespan and a susceptibility to health problems.
Lyretail: A breed with an altered caudal fin structure.
Dalmatian Molly: A silver colored breed with black speckles (in extensively marked specimens, they may appear black with silvery speckles).
References
- "Poecilia sphenops". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. Retrieved 30 January 2006.Â
- Froese, Rainer and Pauly, Daniel, eds. (2005). "Poecilia sphenops" in FishBase. 10 2005 version.
